The Implications of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) on Health, Environment, and Agriculture

Description

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) have become a significant topic of debate and research, raising questions about their economic benefits and potential health risks. Orzan, Pricop, and Mihalache (2018) highlight that the United States is a major contributor to the cultivation of GMO crops, closely followed by Brazil, Argentina, Canada, India, and other nations. Among these, soybeans constitute the most extensively planted GMO crop, occupying 50% of the cultivation, followed by corn at 30%, cotton at 14%, and canola at 5%. A diverse array of other crops, including Alfalfa, Apple, Papaya, Potato, sugar cane, sugar beet, Eggplant, Squash, and Brinjal, collectively occupy 1% of GMO crop cultivation (Orzan et al., 2018).

Genetically Modified (GM) foods are products derived from organisms whose DNA has been artificially altered, typically to confer traits that do not occur naturally. Among the approved GM foods, corn, soy, cottonseed, papaya, rice, canola, potatoes, tomatoes, dairy products, and peas are prominent (Orzan et al., 2018). However, despite these advancements, concerns persist regarding adverse effects associated with GMO consumption, particularly allergic reactions. For instance, individuals with allergies to Brazil nuts have exhibited reactions to modified soybeans due to the introduction of genes from Brazil nuts. While the dissemination and integration of such genes into the market are restrained, the potential for antibiotic resistance spread remains higher (Orzan et al., 2018).

Farmers have embraced GM foods due to their simplified management, time efficiency, lowered production costs, resistance to pests and diseases, and increased crop yields. Altering the genetic makeup of organisms offers benefits such as improved nutrient composition, enhanced flavor, and prolonged shelf life. However, there are concerns about unforeseen consequences, prolonged herbicide use, and potential long-term health impacts, including allergies, toxins, and new diseases (Ehrenberg, 2016).

Notably, GM crops engineered to resist insects are developed by transferring genes from bacterial toxins that target insects. This modification equips the plants with inherent resistance, rendering the need for excessive pesticide use unnecessary. Similarly, herbicide-resistant crops involve the transfer of genes that confer resistance to herbicides, minimizing environmental contamination. Despite the potential benefits, apprehensions arise concerning human health, ecological impact, herbicide resistance, disruption of traditional farming practices, and economic implications for underdeveloped nations (Ehrenberg, 2016)…..Read more